1	"Presentation Number:" Presentation Number: 2c3-ESAE006 to Americas Nuclear Energy Symposium 2004 Miami, Florida, October 5, 2004 Duane Pendergast Computare 30 Fairmont Park Lane S Lethbridge AB T1K 7H7Canada (403) 328-1804 duane.pendergast@computare.org www.computare.org
2	Preface Energy > development First stage - agriculture Second stage - fossil fuel Sustainable development > more energy Fossil fuel emissions may affect climate We can control We will need more energy
3	Postulated Problem Greenhouse gases (GHG) from fossil fuels Warming the atmosphere Is climate change happening? Hard to prove Postulate we must control GHG How can we manage?
4	A Diffident Approach Recommended by some Still more improvement in energy efficiency Conserve This approach not a solution Improving efficiency increases applications Counters conservation Emissions increase
5	A Different Approach Learn from the carbon cycle Tackle the problem head on Manage atmospheric greenhouse gases
6	Carbon Cycle Overview
7	The Human Perturbation
8	Carbon Cycling on Land
9	The Ocean Carbon Cycle
10	Carbon Cycle Summary Humans control much of carbon cycle 24 billion tonnes of plant production Fossil fuels 6 billion tonnes Opportunity Integrate energy use with carbon control
11	Renewable Energy
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13	Fertilization of the Ocean
14	Agriculture - Forestry Major component of the carbon cycle Four times bigger than fossil fuel Agriculture increases carbon uptake Fertilizer, irrigation, plant breeding
15	Soil Carbon Sequestration
16	Charcoal and Soil Charcoal is a component of soil more durable than other organic forms likely produced by fires Ancient Amazonian agriculture some areas of rich black soil possibly man made centuries ago charcoal from variation of slash and burn?
17	Charcoal-Fertilizer Process
18	Nuclear Energy
19	Challenge Significance to carbon cycle? Limited reserves – once through fuel cycle Alternate fuel cycles Breeding? Fusion? Beyond electricity
20	Recap
21	Reflection